~What's Going On At GreenguyandJim on March 16, 2004~


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~ Tips From Around The Globe ~

Types of Web Files


When learning what it takes to build a Web page, you'll come across many different types of files. Even though most Web pages are run on Unix Web servers which, like Macs, don't require file extensions, filename extensions are the most common way to differentiate between files. Once you see a file name and extension, you know what type of file that is, how the Web server uses it, and how you can access it.

The Common File Types
The most common files on Web servers are:

Web pages
Images
Scripts

Web Pages
There are two extensions that are standard for Web pages: .html and .htm. There is really no difference between these two extensions.
.html
.html was the original extension for HTML pages on Unix Web hosting machines.
.htm
.htm was created by Windows/DOS because of it's requirement for 3 character extensions.
index.htm and index.html This is the default page in a directory on most Web servers. If you want someone to go to your Web page, but you don't want them to have to type a file name, you should name the first page index.html. For example http://www.greenguysboard.com/index.html will go to the same place as http://www.greenguysboard.com.

Images
There are two primary image types and one less common image type found on Web pages.
.gif
The GIF file is the CompuServe image format and is best used for images with flat colors. It offers the ability to "index" colors on your images to make sure that they contain only Web safe colors and (with flat colored images) make the images smaller.
.jpg
The JPG or JPeG file format is meant for photographic images. If an image has photographic qualities, ie. no expanses of flat color, it is well suited to being a jpg file. Photographs that are saved as JPG files will generally be smaller than the same file saved in a GIF format.
.png
The PNG or Portable Network Graphic is a graphic file format made for the Web. It has better compression, color, and transparency than GIF files. However, because most browsers still don't support it, it isn't widely used on the Web.

Scripts
Scripts are files that activate dynamic actions on Web sites. There are many types of scripts. These are just a few:
.cgi
CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface. A .cgi file is a file that will run on the Web server and interact with the Web user. CGI files can be written with many different programming languages, like Perl, C, Tcl, and others.
.pl
This indicates a Perl file. Many Web servers will run a .pl file as a CGI.
.js
A .js file is a JavaScript file. You can load your JavaScript files into the Web page itself, or you can write it in an external file and load it from there.

There are many other types of script and program files, but those were the more common ones.

Other Files
There are also some other, less common file types that you might see on a Web server. These files are usually to give you more power and flexibility on your Web site.
.asp
A .asp file indicates that the Web page is an Active Server Page. ASP provides scripting, macros, and include files to a Web site. It also provides database connectivity and much more.
.cfm and .cfml
These file types indicate that the file is a ColdFusion file. ColdFusion is a server-side content management tool that brings macros, scripting, and more to your Web pages.
.shtm and .shtml
This file type indicates an HTML file that should be viewed with the SSI interpreter. SSI stands for Server Side Includes. These allow you to include one Web page inside another, and add macro-like actions to your Web sites.
.php and .php3
This indicates a PHP run Web page. PHP is a content management software that brings scripting, macros, and includes to your Web site.

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Greenguy and Jim

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